At what age must symptoms of ADHD be present to meet diagnostic criteria?

For a diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the symptoms must be present before age 12 according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The guidelines specify that the symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity must be observable before this age and that they occur in two or more settings, such as at home and at school. Early identification is crucial for effective intervention, as ADHD can significantly affect a child’s academic, social, and emotional development.

The age criterion is set at 12 to ensure that children receive timely support and resources to manage the condition, as symptoms can vary in intensity and manifestation over time. This standard recognizes the developmental context in which these symptoms occur, aiming to provide a consistent framework for diagnosis across a wide range of settings and circumstances.