What defines severe dehydration in children in terms of physical examination findings?

Severe dehydration in children is characterized by specific physical examination findings that indicate a significant loss of body fluid. Markedly sunken eyes and lethargy are key indicators of severe dehydration. When a child is severely dehydrated, the loss of fluid leads to changes in their physical appearance and overall energy levels.

Sunken eyes occur due to reduced fluid in the tissues surrounding the eyes, which gives a hollow appearance. Lethargy reflects the child’s decreased energy levels and altered mental status as a result of inadequate fluid intake and potential electrolyte imbalances. These manifestations are critical in assessing the severity of dehydration and necessitate immediate medical attention.

Other choices present signs that would not typically be associated with severe dehydration. Normal skin turgor and urine output suggest that the child is adequately hydrated. Increased thirst and dryness of mucous membranes could indicate mild to moderate dehydration rather than severe dehydration. Lastly, a normal pulse and slight abdominal pain do not align with the critical symptoms typically observed in cases of severe dehydration.