What is a serious potential complication of Epstein-Barr virus infection?

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is best known for causing infectious mononucleosis, which can lead to a variety of complications. One of the serious potential complications associated with this viral infection is splenic rupture. This occurs because the spleen can become enlarged (splenomegaly) as a result of the immune response triggered by the EBV infection. An enlarged spleen is more susceptible to trauma or rupture, which can lead to internal bleeding and may require immediate medical intervention.

The other options listed do not directly relate to typical complications seen with EBV infection. While cardiac issues, neurological effects, and kidney problems can occur due to other infections or conditions, they are not commonly linked with EBV in the same way splenic rupture is. This makes splenic rupture a notable and clinically significant risk that clinicians monitor during the management of patients with EBV infection.