What is the primary treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children?

The primary treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children is fluid restoration with normal saline. DKA is a serious condition that arises in diabetes, characterized by hyperglycemia, ketonemia, and acidosis. One of the immediate concerns in DKA is dehydration, as patients often present with significant fluid deficits due to polyuria and loss of electrolytes.

Restoring intravascular volume is crucial, and normal saline is the fluid of choice. It helps to rehydrate the patient, dilute serum glucose levels, and restore electrolyte balance. Effective fluid management also aids in the correction of acidosis and enhances renal function, promoting the excretion of ketones and excess glucose.

While other treatments may play roles in the comprehensive management of DKA, such as insulin therapy to reduce blood glucose levels and bicarbonate in severe acidosis, fluid replacement is the foundational and urgent intervention required to stabilize the child’s condition.