What is the recommended treatment for a newborn at risk of Hepatitis B transmission at birth?

The recommended treatment for a newborn at risk of Hepatitis B transmission at birth involves administering both the Hepatitis B vaccine and Hepatitis B immune globulin. This combination is crucial in providing immediate protection against the virus. The Hepatitis B vaccine is effective in prompting the infant's immune system to produce antibodies against the virus, while the Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) provides passive immunity by supplying pre-formed antibodies that can help neutralize the virus immediately after exposure.

Administering both the vaccine and HBIG within 12 hours of birth significantly reduces the risk of the newborn developing a chronic Hepatitis B infection, which can lead to long-term health complications. This proactive approach is supported by guidelines from health organizations and is a standard care practice in newborns identified as at risk for Hepatitis B transmission.

Other treatment options, such as immediate isolation from the mother or antiviral medication, do not address the immediate need for immunization and protection against the virus. Increased hydration and monitoring may be necessary for various health conditions, but they are not pertinent to preventing Hepatitis B transmission in neonates.