What is the treatment of choice for rheumatic fever?

The treatment of choice for rheumatic fever is Penicillin G, which is crucial for addressing the underlying streptococcal infection that triggers the condition. Rheumatic fever commonly occurs as a complication of inadequately treated streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat). By administering Penicillin G, healthcare providers not only eliminate the infection but also significantly reduce the risk of subsequent rheumatic fever episodes and potential cardiac complications such as rheumatic heart disease.

In addition to treating the infection, Penicillin G helps prevent the continuation of the inflammatory response that leads to the clinical manifestations of rheumatic fever, such as carditis, arthritis, and chorea. For long-term prevention, especially in patients with a history of rheumatic fever, prophylactic antibiotics are often recommended to prevent re-infection.

Other treatment options may play supportive roles in symptom management but are not first-line treatments for the condition itself. Therefore, using Penicillin G as the primary intervention addresses both the causative agent and helps mitigate the risk of recurrent rheumatic fever.