Which abnormality is commonly found in patients with coarctation of the aorta?

Bicuspid aortic valve is a common associated abnormality seen in patients with coarctation of the aorta. This anatomical anomaly occurs when the aortic valve has only two cusps instead of the normal three, which can lead to various cardiovascular issues. The connection between bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation is thought to be due to shared embryological development pathways. Both conditions can arise from disruptions during the formation of the heart and great vessels, leading to a higher prevalence of coarctation in individuals with a bicuspid aortic valve.

Coarctation of the aorta itself results in a narrowing of the aorta, typically occurring just past the left subclavian artery and often leading to hypertension in the upper body and potential complications in the lower body due to reduced blood flow. Additionally, the presence of a bicuspid aortic valve can predispose individuals to other complications, including aortic stenosis and aortic dissection, which are important to monitor in patients with these structural heart anomalies.

Understanding this connection helps in assessing a patient with coarctation of the aorta and guiding appropriate management and intervention strategies.