Which complications are most commonly associated with mumps in older patients?

Orchitis and encephalitis are complications that are most commonly associated with mumps, particularly in older patients. Mumps virus primarily affects the salivary glands but can also lead to serious complications, especially if contracted in adolescence or adulthood. Orchitis, which is inflammation of the testicles, occurs in a significant percentage of males who experience mumps after puberty and can result in pain and potential fertility issues if not managed appropriately. Encephalitis, which is inflammation of the brain, can also occur and leads to neurological complications, highlighting the severity of mumps in this age group.

In contrast, while conditions like acute otitis media and conjunctivitis can occur in association with various viral infections, they are not specific complications of mumps, particularly not in older patients. Hemolytic anemia is not typically linked to mumps either, making orchitis and encephalitis the most significant and relevant complications in this context.