Which laboratory findings would you expect in Turner syndrome?

In Turner syndrome, which is a chromosomal condition affecting females characterized by the absence of all or part of a second sex chromosome, you would expect to find increased levels of FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) and LH (Luteinizing Hormone) alongside low estrogen levels. This laboratory finding is the result of primary ovarian insufficiency due to the underdeveloped or absent ovaries, which fail to produce adequate amounts of estrogen.

When the ovaries do not produce sufficient estrogen, the negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland is diminished. As a response, the pituitary gland secretes more FSH and LH in an attempt to stimulate the ovaries. Thus, the finding of elevated FSH and LH levels, along with low estrogen, is characteristic of Turner syndrome and indicates a primary gonadal failure where the ovaries are not functioning properly.

In contrast, the other options describe scenarios that do not align with the pathophysiology of Turner syndrome. For instance, high estrogen levels along with low FSH would suggest functioning ovaries capable of hormonal responses, which is not the case in this condition. Normal FSH and estrogen levels would indicate normal ovarian function, and low FSH and low LH levels