Which serologic marker indicates recent vaccination against Hepatitis B?

The presence of Anti-HBs is indicative of a recent vaccination against Hepatitis B. This serologic marker reflects the immune response to the Hepatitis B virus, specifically indicating that the body has developed antibodies in response to the vaccine. After vaccination, individuals typically produce these antibodies, which can be detected through serological testing.

In contrast, HBeAg is a marker associated with active viral replication in individuals who are chronically infected with Hepatitis B. The presence of Anti-HBc IgM indicates recent infection with the virus rather than vaccination, as it is produced following acute infection. HBsAg, on the other hand, is a marker for active Hepatitis B infection and suggests that the virus is present in the bloodstream.

Therefore, the presence of Anti-HBs is the specific marker that shows a recent response to the Hepatitis B vaccination, confirming the effectiveness of the immunization in stimulating the immune system.