Which treatment is administered for hyaline membrane disease to improve lung function?

The administration of exogenous surfactant is the appropriate treatment for hyaline membrane disease, also known as neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. This condition is primarily caused by the insufficient production of surfactant in the lungs of premature infants, leading to alveolar collapse and impaired gas exchange.

Surfactant is a substance that reduces surface tension within the alveoli, preventing their collapse at the end of expiration and enhancing lung compliance. By providing exogenous surfactant, healthcare providers can help improve lung function significantly, allowing for better oxygenation and ventilation in affected infants. The use of surfactant therapy has been shown to dramatically reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition.

Oxygen therapy and intravenous fluids may also be utilized in the management of hyaline membrane disease, but they serve supportive roles and do not directly address the underlying problem of surfactant deficiency. Antibiotics are indicated if there is a concern for infection, but they do not treat the primary pathophysiological issue of hyaline membrane disease. Hence, exogenous surfactant is the most effective treatment option to enhance lung function in this scenario.